Context has become increasingly prominent in recent theology. Theologians in earlier times were aware of their context, but recent times have seen both an intensification of this awareness and the concept of context has become increasingly salient in contemporary theological discourse. “All theology is contextual” has become an article of faith for contemporary theology. This thesis examines the shift from universality to contextuality in theology by exploring the theoretical foundations laid by theologians Paul Tillich (1886 – 1965) and Edward Schillebeeckx OP (1914 - 2009). Tillich's approach to context is characterised by his method of correlation, which emphasises the importance of the expression of the human condition through culture. Schillebeeckx, on the other hand, focuses on the human experience as outlined by his seven anthropological constants. The thesis will also examine the historical and social context in which these theologians wrote, in order to better understand their emphasis on context. Additionally, the thesis will examine the reception of these ideas in subsequent scholarship. In summary, the thesis aims to contextualise the role of context in modern theology, by tracing the historical development of the concept through the works of Tillich and Schillebeeckx.